Note

Go to the end to download the full example code.

Generating a stimulus from a video

This example shows how to use videos as input stimuli for a retinal implant.

Loading a video

A video can be loaded as follows:

stim = p2p.stimuli.videos.VideoStimulus("path-to-video.mp4")

There is an example video that is pre-installed with pulse2percept. You can load it like this.

import pulse2percept as p2p
import numpy as np

video = p2p.stimuli.BostonTrain(as_gray=True)
print(video)

BostonTrain(data=<(102240, 94) np.ndarray>, dt=0.001,
            electrodes=[     0      1      2 ... 102237 102238 102239],
            is_charge_balanced=False, metadata=dict,
            shape=(102240, 94), time=<(94,) np.ndarray>,
            vid_shape=(240, 426, 94))

There is a lot of useful information in this output.

Firstly, note that vid_shape gives the dimension of the original video in (height, width, the number of frames).

On the other hand, shape gives the dimension of the stimulation which is (the number of electrodes, the number of time steps). This is calculated from flattening the video to (height x width, the number of frames).

The video data is stored as a 2D NumPy array in video.data. You can reshape it to the original video dimensions as follows:

data = video.data.reshape(video.vid_shape)

Then it’s possibly to access individual pixels or frames by indexing into the NumPy array. For example, to plot the first frame of the movie, use:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.imshow(data[..., 0], cmap='gray')
plot video stim
<matplotlib.image.AxesImage object at 0x7b79920b5790>

Preprocessing a video

A VideoStimulus object comes with a number of methods to process a video before it is passed to an implant. Some examples include:

  • invert() the gray levels of the video,

  • resize() the video,

  • rotate() the video,

  • filter() each frame of the video and extract edges (e.g., Sobel, Scharr, Canny, median filter),

  • apply() any input-output function not provided: The function (applied to each frame of the video) must accept a 2D or 3D image and return an image with the same dimensions.

For a complete list, check out the documentation for VideoStimulus.

Let’s do some processing for our example video. Firstly, let’s play the video so that we know what it looks like originally. (It might take a couple of seconds for the video to appear, because it needs to be converted to HTML & JavaScript code first.)

video.play()